The Bible is far the most printed and the most translated book in history till the date of this text. It is the basis of Christianity, the world’s largest religion. Christians refer to it as the Word of God but according to religious scholars, the Bible has many authors. The Bible originated between the 8th century BC till the 1 century AD . It is rich in teachings and wisdom and is a book that has been used for many purposes. Almost every one you will visit in the western world will have a copy of the Bible no matter how educated he is. Some Christians have always claim that the content of the Bible is divine but some scholars and scientists never completely agree with them. In the following lines we are going to examine according to researches done by various scholars, who is more probably the author of the Bible.

The Bible is made of two main parts: The old testament and the new testament. Several religions scholars agree that the five Books that make the first part of the Bible were revealed to Moses. The book of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. These books are also a part of the scriptures of Judaism. In many translations of the Bible they are referred to as the first, the second, the third ,the fourth and the fifth book of Moses. Basically some religious scholars refer to them as the Torah, etymologically instructions from Hebrew The Koran also refers to them as the Torah. In a Typical Jewish Bible, they are followed with the Nevim which means prophets. The Nevim is made of stories of former prophets which consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings, etc…; and the latter Prophets which include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the twelve minor prophets. The Nevim is followed by the Ketubim, the third part of the Jewish Bible with mainly poetic passages: Job, the psalms and the proverbs as well as the Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Ecclesiastes, and Esther, the prophecy of Daniel, and historical passages (Ezra, Nehemiah, and I and II Chronicles). Fortunately these are almost the same in renowned Bible translations. But the Jewish scriptures do not consider the new testament as Jesus is not recognized as the Messiah in Judaism whereas Islam recognizes Jesus the son of Mary as a honored messenger of God. The second major division of the Bible , the new testament, focuses on the life of Jesus.

The New testament contains the Gospels of four apostles of Jesus Christ, the son of Mary. These are Matthew, Mark, Luke and John as well as their letters to the Romans, the Corinthians, Colosseum , Ephesian, Hebrew, etc… The Gospel of Matthew is said to have been written by Matthew who was a tax collector and became later one of the 12 disciples of Jesus. The Gospel of Matthew traces the genealogy of Jesus back to Abraham. The Gospel of Luke traces Jesus back to Adam, the father of all mankind. Whereas the the Gospel of Mark emphasis of the miracles of Jesus considering him as the son of God, the Gospel of John goes back from the beginning of the creation and refers to Jesus as the Word. Probably it is from this that Jesus the son of Mary was divinised. Among the four authors only John, who was a cousin of Jesus, saw Jesus .

Even is many parts of the Bible might contain a message from prophets and men inspired by God, it is a fact in history, that the copies that are available to us were organized and translated and modified by men. There are many different translations and Catholics, Protestants and orthodox do no all agree on every matter about the core teachings of Christianity. According to historians, the Bible has been modified many times form the 3th century. One of the first modern versions of the Bible was translated in Latin in 1582 at Reims and was republished at 1609 after some corrections .The Council of Nice modified the Bible gathering ordered by Constantin. , then the Bible was modified by the Synod of Carthage, etc… After the protestants reintroduced some texts that were removed form the Bible. There have been many opposition and discussion about some chapters and passages in the Bible and the goal of this text is to point out that the final versions of the Bible were organized and modified by men. One of the most famous and reliable versions of the Bible is the King James version that was modified in 1971 by a religious commission. Some Christians give as argument for the authenticity of the stories in the Bible the fact that the various authors lived in different regions and not at the same time but there is a lot of similarity in their stories. If we were to considerer the content of the passages in the Bible and the Gospels however they are full of contradictions. It is obvious, that revealed religions were inspired by God. Christianity is a revealed religion and at least a part of the Bible must be inspired by God.

“I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethen unto my words which he shall speak in my name. I will require it form him. “

(Deuteronomy 18:18)

However, there are obviously some errors due to wrong translations as it can also be the case with the glorious Koran and other religious scriptures. The word Kafirun for example has been translated into disbeliever, pagan, those who stand against faith , etc… Depending on the context the translation might make more or less sense sometimes but the original Arabic version is available for comparison as it has been guarded. The original Aramaic or Hebraic versions of the Bible is not always available to the readers and that is probably the reason why a lot of commissions of scholars have gathered several times to translate the Bible. The latest King James version considered as the most reliable English translation was translated in 1971. Still there are clear mistakes in it that will make any careful reader doubt of its divine origin. Here are just some few example of contradictions in the content.

“And it was an hand breadth thick, and the brim thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies: it contained two thousand baths. Read full chapter in all English translations.”(1 Kings 7:26)

If we compare this with the other occurrence of the same story in 2 Chronicles we see that there is a difference in the number of baths:

“And the thickness of it was an hand-breadth, and the brim of it like the work of the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies; and it received and held three thousand baths.(“2 Chronicles 4:5)

Indeed two thousand is not three thousand. If these are the word of the omniscient creator of heaven and hearth and everything that exists there should be no such contradictions in them. Dr. Grahamm Scroggie said in his book “Is the Bible the word of God?” that the Bible is the word of men. Kenneth Craig , a Christian scholars said that the new testament is not the Word of God but a collection of of tales and legends that were witnessed by some people.

About the same stories there are sometimes variations from one chapter to another. The following is another example of such a contradiction:

” But the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew of the Syrians seven thousand men which fought in chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host.”

(1 Chronicles 19:18)

“And the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew the men of seven hundred chariots of the Syrians, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, who died there.“(2 Samuel: 10:18)

On the other hand , there are stories in the Bible that must be forbidden for children under 18. Which lesson will the author aim to teach with such stories?

Incest between father and daughters

And Lot went up out of Zoar, and dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he feared to dwell in Zoar: and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters

And the firstborn said unto the younger, Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth:

Come, let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.

And they made their father drink wine that night: and the firstborn went in, and lay with her father; and he perceived not when she lay down, nor when she arose. (Genesis 19:30-33)

Incest between son and mother

 And it came to pass, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father’s concubine: and Israel heard it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: (Genesis 35:22)

Incest between father in law and daughterin law.

And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?

And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?

And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.(Genesis 38: 16-18)

What can be the ethical pedagogical purpose of such passages in a Book authored by the almighty creator? it is more likely that some biblical stories were related by men for other sake